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O Princípio do Inquisitório na Justiça Administrativa

O DIÁLOGO ENTRE A LEI E A PRÁTICA JURISPRUDENCIAL

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Resumo

A desmistificação, ao longo da segunda metade do séc. XX, do poder absoluto da ciência e da técnica, e a consequente perceção da existência de «novos riscos», efetiva ou potencialmente lesivos para o bem ambiental, conduziu ao reconhecimento do risco como característica determinante da sociedade em que atualmente vivemos, demandando, por efeito, a adoção de novos modelos de gestão e controlo dos riscos, capazes de lidar com as incertezas de teor científico existentes.
Ora, entre as soluções que o Direito tem avançado, conta-se o princípio da precaução – um princípio que, não obstante a sua disseminação pela legislação internacional e comunitária, tem suscitado, entre nós, grande controvérsia doutrinal e jurisprudencial quanto à sua vigência, à sua autonomização face ao clássico princípio da prevenção e quanto à distribuição do ónus da prova.
Por este motivo, julgámos que seria pertinente e interessante voltar a olhar para este princípio, sobretudo por recurso à nova Lei de Bases do Ambiente, uma vez tendo esta passado a consagrar expressamente a precaução como princípio material do ambiente.
Com esta dissertação de mestrado pretendemos, portanto, dar um passo à frente nas investigações que até então têm sido feitas, procurando, deste modo, contribuir para uma clara compreensão deste princípio, pela resposta à seguinte questão: poderá, em abstrato, o princípio da precaução ser nomeado como ratio decidendi de uma demanda jus-ambiental?
A resposta a que chegámos é, fundamentalmente, a de que, devido à força jurídica do Direito da União, e à diferente natureza dos riscos que este princípio visa evitar (ou fazer cessar), não existem, em nosso entender, quaisquer argumentos lógicos para que, mesmo antes da entrada em vigor desta lei, a jurisprudência portuguesa tenha, o mais das vezes, recusado aplicar o princípio da precaução, desconsiderando as limitações predicativas da ciência contemporânea e a tendencial irreversibilidade dos danos que possam ser causados ao bem ambiental.
Não obstante, sublinhámos a urgência de uma alteração legislativa, formulando, a final, algumas propostas, no plano de jure condendo, quer quanto à possibilidade de uma distribuição dinâmica do ónus da prova, quer quanto ao problema da desproporcionalidade em sentido estrito, suscitado pela redação do artigo 3.º, alínea c), desta lei.

Palavras-chave: ambiente, princípio da precaução, vigência, autonomia, distribuição do ónus da prova

9789726297048

Data sheet

Publisher
AAFDL EDITORA
authors
Ana Celeste Carvalho
Reference
9789726297048
Pages
1330
Editing Place
Lisboa (2021)
Comments
Edição Cartonada
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