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Responsabilidade Penal dos Entes Colectivos por Actos dos Administradores de Facto

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RESUMO

A recente consagração da responsabilidade penal dos entes colectivos no Direito Penal Comum ou de Justiça angolano pressupõe uma mudança do anterior paradigma societas delinquere non potest, estabelecendo-se a responsabilidade criminal dos entes colectivos assente em critérios de imputação cujo correcto sentido e alcance importam sempre definir. É sobre um desses critérios que nos vamos debruçar: a actuacção criminosa dos administradores de facto como factor gerador de responsabilidade penal para os entes colectivos.
A questão dos administradores de facto suscita sérios problemas relacionados com a sua previsão típico-legal e, consequentemente, admissibilidade em face dos princípios da legalidade e tipicidade penais. No caso angolano, a questão levanta particularidades, pois, novo Código Penal angolano, embora preveja, não densificou o conceito de “pessoas em posição de liderança”.
Atendendo a ofensividade da conduta, a necessidade de tutela jurídico-penal, a verificação típica da actuação dos agentes e, consequentemente, a sua imputação ao representado e ao representante, afirmamos positivamente a referida responsabilidade. A proposição “pessoas em posição de liderança” é afinal uma asserção, um conceito descritivo e supletivo no qual se podem enquadrar não apenas os “órgãos” e “representantes”, mas também os administradores de facto.
A problemática da responsabilidade penal dos entes colectivos e, nesta, a tendência para a indeterminação dos agentes da infracção, constitui a base de uma cada vez menos patente dicotomia entre Direito Penal de Justiça e Direito Penal Secundário. É possível identificar, naturalmente, algumas especificidades processuais da responsabilidade penal dos entes colectivos por actuação dos administradores de facto, que, entretanto, não mereceram ainda um tratamento sistemático em sede de Direito Processual Penal, mas ousamos apresentar algumas possíveis soluções: como a extensão dos efeitos da queixa e sua desistência ao ente colectivo; a não manutenção ou indicação do administrador de facto para a “representação” do ente colectivo na relação jurídico-processual penal e, finalmente, a aceitação da possível comparticipação criminosa, nos termos gerais, entre o administrador de facto e o administrador de direito.

Palavras-chave: Responsabilidade Penal; Entes Colectivos; Administrador de Facto; Pessoa em Posição de Liderança; Tipicidade.

9789899057302

Data sheet

Publisher
AAFDL EDITORA
authors
Wilson Pascoal de Oliveira
Reference
9789899057302
Pages
158
Editing Place
Lisboa (2024)
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